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<title>Savoy Declaration</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Savoy Declaration</span></span>

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<p>The <b>Savoy Declaration</b> is a Congregationalist confession of faith. Its full title is <i>A Declaration of the Faith and Order owned and practised in the Congregational Churches in England.</i> It was drawn up in October 1658 by English <a href="Independent_(religion)" title="Independent (religion)">Independents</a> and <a href="Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalists</a> meeting at the <a href="Savoy_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Savoy Hospital">Savoy Hospital</a>, London. It consists of a preface, a confession, and a platform of discipline.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Savoy_Assembly">The Savoy Assembly</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Savoy_Conference" title="Savoy Conference">Savoy Conference</a>.</div>

<p>The Savoy Assembly met at the Savoy for eleven or twelve days from 12 October 1658.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Representatives, mostly laymen, were present from more than one hundred independent churches. <a href="Thomas_Goodwin" title="Thomas Goodwin">Thomas Goodwin</a>, who was a Westminster divine and author of the Westminster Confession of Faith, and <a href="John_Owen_(theologian)" title="John Owen (theologian)">John Owen</a> were the leaders in a committee of six divines appointed to draw up a confession.<sup id="cite_ref-Goodwin_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodwin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The writers were influenced by the <a href="Cambridge_Platform" title="Cambridge Platform">Cambridge Platform</a>, which was the statement of church government produced by the <a href="Congregationalism_in_the_United_States" title="Congregationalism in the United States">Congregational churches in New England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1647 <a href="Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession of Faith</a> of the Church of England was used as a basic template.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Confession">Confession</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="Westminster_Confession_of_Faith#Contents" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession of Faith § Contents</a></div>

<p><a href="Thomas_Goodwin" title="Thomas Goodwin">Thomas Goodwin</a>, author of the Westminster Confession of Faith, saw the Savoy Declaration as a revision of the Westminster Confession with the "latest and best".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Savoy Declaration authors adopted, with a few alterations, the doctrinal definitions of the Westminster confession, reconstructing only the part relating to church government; the main effect of the Declaration of the Savoy assembly was to confirm the Westminster theology.<sup id="cite_ref-Goodwin_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodwin-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was the addition of a new chapter entitled <i>Of the Gospel, and of the Extent of the Grace Thereof</i>. Other changes include a replacement to chapters 30 and 31 of the Westminster Confession concerned with <a href="Congregational" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational">Congregational</a> church government. In these chapters the autonomy of local churches is asserted. It also included the words "Christ's active obedience" in chapter 11: Of Justification. While "the assembly voting almost unanimously that both Christ’s active and passive obedience were necessary for justification",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the words "active" as well as "whole" were omitted. Because exact wording is required <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Savoy Declaration makes this explicit.

</p><p>The Declaration would be adopted by the <a href="Reforming_Synod" title="Reforming Synod">Reforming Synod</a> in <a href="Colonial_New_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial New England">Colonial New England</a> in 1680.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emendations">Emendations</h3></div>

<p>The following is a chapter comparison between Westminster and Savoy:

</p>

</caption>

<th>Westminster

</th>

<th>Savoy

</th>

<th>Notes

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td>1. Of the Holy Scripture

</td>

<td>1. Of the Holy Scripture

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>2. Of God, and of the Holy Trinity

</td>

<td>2. Of God, and of the Holy Trinity

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>3. Of God's Eternal Decree

</td>

<td>3. Of God's Eternal Decree

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>4. Of Creation

</td>

<td>4. Of Creation

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>5. Of Providence

</td>

<td>5. Of Providence

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>6. Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof

</td>

<td>6. Of the Fall of Man, of Sin, and of the Punishment Thereof

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>7- Of God's Covenant with Man

</td>

<td>7. Of God's Covenant with Man

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>8. Of Christ the Mediator

</td>

<td>8. Of Christ the Mediator

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>9. Of Free Will

</td>

<td>9. Of Free Will

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>10. Of Effectual Calling

</td>

<td>10. Of Effectual Calling

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>11. Of Justification

</td>

<td>11. Of Justification

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>12. Of Adoption

</td>

<td>12. Of Adoption

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>13. Of Sanctification

</td>

<td>13. Of Sanctification

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>14. Of Saving Faith

</td>

<td>14. Of Saving Faith

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>15. Of Repentance Unto Life

</td>

<td>15. Of Repentance unto Life <b>and Salvation</b>

</td>

<td>Significantly rewritten

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>16. Of Good Works

</td>

<td>16. Of Good Works

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>17. Of The Perseverance of the Saints

</td>

<td>17. Of the Perseverance of the Saints

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>18. Of the Assurance of Grace and Salvation

</td>

<td>18. Of the Assurance of Grace and Salvation

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>19. Of the Law of God

</td>

<td>19. Of the Law of God

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>

</td>

<td><b>20. Of the Gospel and the Extent of Grace Thereof</b>

</td>

<td>New to Savoy

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>20. Of Christian Liberty, and Liberty of Conscience

</td>

<td>21. Of Christian Liberty, and Liberty of Conscience

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>21. Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day

</td>

<td>22. Of Religious Worship and the Sabbath Day

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>22. Of Lawful Oaths and Vows

</td>

<td>23. Of Lawful Oaths and Vows

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>23. Of the Civil Magistrate

</td>

<td>24. Of the Civil Magistrate

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>24. Of Marriage <b>and Divorce</b>

</td>

<td>25. Of Marriage

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>25. Of the Church

</td>

<td>26. Of the Church

</td>

<td>Removes 2 articles, adds 31<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>26. Of the Communion of the Saints

</td>

<td>27. Of the Communion of Saints

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>27. Of the Sacraments

</td>

<td>28. Of the Sacraments

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>28. Of Baptism

</td>

<td>29. Of Baptism

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>29. Of the Lord's Supper

</td>

<td>30. Of the Lord's Supper

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><b>30. Of Church Censures</b>

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td>Removed in Savoy

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><b>31. Of Synods and Councils</b>

</td>

<td>

</td>

<td>Removed in Savoy

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>32. Of the State of Man After Death, and of the Resurrection of the Dead

</td>

<td>31. Of the State of Men after Death, and of the Resurrection of the Dead

</td>

<td>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>33. Of the Last Judgment

</td>

<td>32. Of the Last Judgment

</td>

<td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Platform_of_Discipline">Platform of Discipline</h2></div>

<p>Formally titled <i>Of the Institution of Churches, and the Order appointed in them by Jesus Christ,</i> the platform is composed of 30 articles and sets forth the principles of <a href="Congregationalist_polity" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist polity">Congregational Church polity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>It is a new document, not a revision of either the earlier congregationalist <a href="Cambridge_Platform" title="Cambridge Platform">Cambridge Platform</a> or the <a href="The_Form_of_Presbyterial_Church_Government" title="The Form of Presbyterial Church Government">Form of Presbyterial Church Government</a> produced by the <a href="Westminster_Assembly" title="Westminster Assembly">Westminster Assembly</a>, at which key framers of Savoy were present.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession</a></li>

<li><a href="Saybrook_Platform" title="Saybrook Platform">Saybrook Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Confession_of_Faith_(1689)" title="Confession of Faith (1689)">Second London Confession</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Savoy-Declaration">"Savoy Declaration | Puritan, Reformation & Church | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Francis J. Bremer, Tom Webster, <i>Puritans and Puritanism in Europe and America: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia, Volume 1</i>, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2006, p. 354</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Goodwin-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goodwin_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goodwin_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Goodwin,_Thomas_(DNB00)" class="extiw external" title="s:Goodwin, Thomas (DNB00)">s:Goodwin, Thomas (DNB00)</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The others were <a href="Philip_Nye" title="Philip Nye">Philip Nye</a>, <a href="William_Bridge" title="William Bridge">William Bridge</a>, <a href="Joseph_Caryl" title="Joseph Caryl">Joseph Caryl</a> and <a href="William_Greenhill" title="William Greenhill">William Greenhill</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.puritansermons.com/bio/biogoodw.htm">http://www.puritansermons.com/bio/biogoodw.htm</a>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBremer2008" class="citation cs2">Bremer, Francis J. (2008), "The Puritan experiment in New England, 1630–1660", in Coffey, John; Lim, Paul C. H. (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jGcgAwAAQBAJ"><i>Cambridge Companion to Puritanism</i></a>, <a href="Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, p. 139, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781139827829</bdi></cite>.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mercurius Politicus 438 (1658), p. 924</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christ and the Law: Antinomianian at the Westminster Assembly, Whitney G. Gamble (Reformation Heritage Books: Grand Rapids, MI, 2016), pg. 152</span>

</li>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1/creeds1.ix.viii.vii.html">"Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library"</a>. <i>ccel.org</i>. § 98<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proginosko.com/docs/wcf_sdfo_lbcf.html">"Tabular Comparison of 1646 WCF, 1658 Savoy Declaration, the 1677/1689 LBCF, and the 1742 PCF"</a>. <i>www.proginosko.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.x.iii.html">"Philip Schaff: Creeds of Christendom, with a History and Critical notes. Volume I. The History of Creeds. - Christian Classics Ethereal Library"</a>. <i>www.ccel.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<p><b>Attribution</b>

</p>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1885-1900/Goodwin,_Thomas" class="extiw external" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goodwin, Thomas">Goodwin, Thomas</a>". <i><a href="Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reformedstandards.com/british/savoy.html">Text of the declaration, with scriptural citations</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds3.v.i.i.html">Full text of the complete declaration (preface, confession and platform)</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Reformed_confessions_of_faith103" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Reformed_confessions_of_faith" title="Reformed confessions of faith">Reformed confessions of faith</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Continental<br>Reformed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tetrapolitan_Confession" title="Tetrapolitan Confession">Tetrapolitan Confession</a></li>

<li><a href="Helvetic_Confessions" title="Helvetic Confessions">Helvetic Confessions</a></li>

<li><a href="Consensus_Tigurinus" title="Consensus Tigurinus">Consensus Tigurinus</a></li>

<li><a href="French_Confession_of_Faith" title="French Confession of Faith">French Confession of Faith</a></li>

<li><a href="Three_Forms_of_Unity" title="Three Forms of Unity">Three Forms of Unity</a>

<ul><li><a href="Heidelberg_Catechism" title="Heidelberg Catechism">Heidelberg Catechism</a></li>

<li><a href="Belgic_Confession" title="Belgic Confession">Belgic Confession</a></li>

<li><a href="Canons_of_Dort" title="Canons of Dort">Canons of Dort</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Harmony_of_the_Confessions_of_Faith" title="Harmony of the Confessions of Faith">Harmony of the Confessions of Faith</a></li>

<li><a href="Helvetic_Consensus" title="Helvetic Consensus">Helvetic Consensus</a></li>

<li><a href="Conclusions_of_Utrecht" title="Conclusions of Utrecht">Conclusions of Utrecht</a></li>

<li><a href="Barmen_Declaration" title="Barmen Declaration">Barmen Declaration</a></li>

<li><a href="Belhar_Confession" title="Belhar Confession">Belhar Confession</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British and<br>American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presbyterian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Scots_Confession" title="Scots Confession">Scots Confession</a></li>

<li><a href="Negative_Confession" title="Negative Confession">Negative Confession</a></li>

<li><a href="Westminster_Standards" title="Westminster Standards">Westminster Standards</a>

<ul><li><a href="Westminster_Confession_of_Faith" title="Westminster Confession of Faith">Westminster Confession of Faith</a></li>

<li><a href="Westminster_Shorter_Catechism" title="Westminster Shorter Catechism">Westminster Shorter Catechism</a></li>

<li><a href="Westminster_Larger_Catechism" title="Westminster Larger Catechism">Westminster Larger Catechism</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Confession_of_1967" title="Confession of 1967">Confession of 1967</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Book_of_Confessions" title="Book of Confessions">Book of Confessions</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anglican</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Thirty-nine_Articles" title="Thirty-nine Articles">Thirty-nine Articles</a></li>

<li><a href="Lambeth_Articles" title="Lambeth Articles">Lambeth Articles</a></li>

<li><a href="Irish_Articles_of_Religion" title="Irish Articles of Religion">Irish Articles</a></li>

<li><a href="Chicago%E2%80%93Lambeth_Quadrilateral" title="Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral">Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baptist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Helwys Declaration of Faith</li>

<li><a href="Confession_of_Faith_(1644)" title="Confession of Faith (1644)">First London Confession of Faith</a></li>

<li>Standard Confession of Faith</li>

<li>St Paul's Catechism</li>

<li><a href="Confession_of_Faith_(1689)" title="Confession of Faith (1689)">Second London Confession of Faith</a></li>

<li><a href="Keach's_Catechism" title="Keach's Catechism">Keach's Catechism</a></li>

<li><a href="Philadelphia_Confession_of_Faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Confession of Faith">Philadelphia Confession of Faith</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Hampshire_Confession_of_Faith" title="New Hampshire Confession of Faith">New Hampshire Confession of Faith</a></li>

<li><a href="Baptist_Affirmation_of_Faith_1966" title="Baptist Affirmation of Faith 1966">Strict Baptist Affirmation of Faith</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Congregationalist</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cambridge_Platform" title="Cambridge Platform">Cambridge Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Saybrook_Platform" title="Saybrook Platform">Saybrook Platform</a></li>

<li><a href="Kansas_City_Statement_of_Faith" title="Kansas City Statement of Faith">Kansas City Statement of Faith</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="Subordinate_standard" title="Subordinate standard">Subordinate standard</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-19" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Savoy_Declaration&oldid=1296414241">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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